{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "35df0cae-5159-40e9-bcd6-7ceb1d6b6bfc",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "Diccionarios --- 11:22 min\n",
    "===\n",
    "\n",
    "* 11:22 min | Última modificación: Octubre 5, 2021 "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "47c83571-1d2e-44c6-9ae5-272652bdc339",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Un dicionario es una estructura de datos en que cada elemento contiene una clave y un valor. Los diccionarios pueden crearse usando `{` y `}`."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "65ea1e5e-4421-4421-b54c-8bde22f05c20",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#\n",
    "# Creación de un diccionario vacio\n",
    "#\n",
    "empty_dict = {}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "id": "7c6e797e-7f8b-4243-9ddb-a3843d8a95e4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "empty_dict"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "d517b0b6-c566-4e9e-8539-3f197776bd07",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "dict"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#\n",
    "# Tipo\n",
    "#\n",
    "type(empty_dict)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "5c06a1e7-1ebe-4d3a-b49d-5b1e3aeca11d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'b': 2, 'a': 1}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#\n",
    "# Estructura de parejas clave-valor.\n",
    "# 'a'  y 'b'  son las claves y 1 y 2 son los valores.\n",
    "#\n",
    "dict_a = {\"b\": 2, \"a\": 1}\n",
    "dict_a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "81b98517-507a-4905-bbbe-02d27468a1cc",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'d': 4, 'a': 1, 'b': 2}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#\n",
    "# Creació mediante la palabra reservada dict.\n",
    "# La función espera una lista de tuplas clave-valor.\n",
    "#\n",
    "dict(\n",
    "    [\n",
    "        (\"d\", 4),\n",
    "        (\"a\", 1),\n",
    "        (\"b\", 2),\n",
    "    ]\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "22e9a15e-5932-4bef-899f-f0de1f633592",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#\n",
    "# Creación mediante el operador de asignación (=)\n",
    "#\n",
    "dict(a=1, b=2, c=3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "53d18903-9d5d-4626-9167-47a4f8285fe4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'b': 2, 'a': 1, 'c': 3}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#\n",
    "# Creación de un nuevo elemento mediante\n",
    "# asignación\n",
    "#\n",
    "dict_a[\"c\"] = 3\n",
    "dict_a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "f0257518-486e-4ae5-a413-72e811033c7f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#\n",
    "# Extracción de un valor a partir de su clave\n",
    "#\n",
    "dict_a[\"b\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "364a990b-3d3f-47f9-8718-12197222a7f5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'a': 1, 'c': 3}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#\n",
    "# Borrado de un elemento del diccionario\n",
    "#\n",
    "del dict_a[\"b\"]\n",
    "dict_a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "731e9821-2a16-487e-a11b-c09bf39b40ac",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{0: [0, 1, 2], 1: [3, 4, 5], 2: [6, 7, 8]}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#\n",
    "# Creación de un diccionario con datos complejos\n",
    "#\n",
    "complex_dict = {\n",
    "    0: [0, 1, 2],\n",
    "    1: [3, 4, 5],\n",
    "    2: [6, 7, 8],\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "complex_dict"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "d3dc0030-b32d-4e45-ab47-073320c4683d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{(0, 0): [], (0, 1): [0, 1, 2], (1, 0): [3, 4, 5], (1, 1): [6, 7, 8]}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#\n",
    "# Las claves también pueden ser datos complejos\n",
    "#\n",
    "complex_dict = {\n",
    "    (0, 0): [],\n",
    "    (0, 1): [0, 1, 2],\n",
    "    (1, 0): [3, 4, 5],\n",
    "    (1, 1): [6, 7, 8],\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "complex_dict"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "b1c98187-dfcf-4a75-89e4-73d89e967b8d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "7"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#\n",
    "# Extracción de un elemento de un valor complejo\n",
    "#\n",
    "complex_dict[(1, 1)][1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "b9798c9e-35dc-4ad7-8155-122ea1e775f7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#\n",
    "# Clave no existente\n",
    "#"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "3e9d5e94",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Erro de clave que no existe"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "04bc6851-b856-4d2e-b9cd-35546531cca6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['a', 'c']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#\n",
    "# Método keys\n",
    "# ===============================================\n",
    "# No necesariamente están en orden alfabético.\n",
    "#\n",
    "list(dict_a.keys())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "56e97465-829a-400d-a16f-ce770b6da8c5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 3]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#\n",
    "# Método values\n",
    "# ===============================================\n",
    "#\n",
    "list(dict_a.values())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "44f33912-6d66-4583-8c3b-7c4a791578d7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "dict_items([('a', 1), ('c', 3)])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#\n",
    "# Método items\n",
    "# ===============================================\n",
    "#\n",
    "dict_a.items()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "d6053c54-cab1-4c42-a02c-910effb0e708",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'value not found'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#\n",
    "# Método get\n",
    "# ===============================================\n",
    "#\n",
    "dict_a.get(\"inexistent key\", \"value not found\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "id": "e5615246-61e5-49f2-a56f-003eb033689d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{0: 'a', 1: 'b', 2: 'CC', 3: 'DD', 4: 'EE'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#\n",
    "# Método update()\n",
    "# ===============================================\n",
    "#\n",
    "dict_a = {0: \"a\", 1: \"b\", 2: \"c\"}\n",
    "dict_b = {2: \"CC\", 3: \"DD\", 4: \"EE\"}\n",
    "dict_a.update(dict_b)\n",
    "dict_a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "id": "1b67821e-418b-4d05-b053-7133c943f244",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{1: 'b', 2: 'c'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#\n",
    "# Método pop()\n",
    "# ===============================================\n",
    "#\n",
    "dict_a = {0: \"a\", 1: \"b\", 2: \"c\"}\n",
    "dict_a.pop(0)\n",
    "dict_a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "id": "ed4bf917-a28c-4990-8a41-ae66ab8f91e8",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#\n",
    "# Operador in\n",
    "# ===============================================\n",
    "# La clave está en el diccionario?\n",
    "#\n",
    "\"a\" in dict_a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "id": "71e21c37-5855-481c-a927-f9a80e58d778",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#\n",
    "# La clave no está en el diccionario?\n",
    "#\n",
    "\"a\" not in dict_a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "id": "17388349-3a04-4727-84ca-3af222097659",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{0: 'a', 1: 'b', 2: 'CC', 3: 'DD', 4: 'EE'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#\n",
    "# Unión de diccionarios\n",
    "# ===============================================\n",
    "#\n",
    "dict_a = {\n",
    "    0: \"a\",\n",
    "    1: \"b\",\n",
    "    2: \"c\",\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "dict_b = {\n",
    "    2: \"CC\",\n",
    "    3: \"DD\",\n",
    "    4: \"EE\",\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "#\n",
    "# Note que se reemplaza el valor para la clave\n",
    "# 2 en dict_a\n",
    "#\n",
    "{**dict_a, **dict_b}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "id": "a1e1916a-7755-4668-adff-0243c178e6af",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{2: 'c', 3: 'DD', 4: 'EE', 0: 'a', 1: 'b'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#\n",
    "# Note que se reemplaza el valor para la clave\n",
    "# 2 en dict_b\n",
    "#\n",
    "{**dict_b, **dict_a}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "0fd13fc9-afd7-4ab9-91c3-8c8b0e379553",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Caso de aplicación\n",
    "---"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "59e00270-7e4f-44e1-b2e4-7968675a63c0",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Se desea crear un diccionario que contenga como clave el ranking del nombre y como valor el nombre del bebe."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "id": "2b18b8fd-775b-41d6-815d-b150ec8281e0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "babynames_url = (\n",
    "    \"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jdvelasq/datalabs/master/datasets/baby_names.csv\"\n",
    ")\n",
    "!wget --quiet {babynames_url} -P /tmp/"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "id": "c264f826-9d89-4342-aa69-bfa3eb170c00",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "BRITH_YEAR,GENDER,ETHNICTY,NAME,COUNT,RANK\n",
      "2011,FEMALE,HISPANIC,GERALDINE,13,75\n",
      "2011,FEMALE,HISPANIC,GIA,21,67\n",
      "2011,FEMALE,HISPANIC,GIANNA,49,42\n",
      "2011,FEMALE,HISPANIC,GISELLE,38,51\n",
      "2011,FEMALE,HISPANIC,GRACE,36,53\n",
      "2011,FEMALE,HISPANIC,GUADALUPE,26,62\n",
      "2011,FEMALE,HISPANIC,HAILEY,126,8\n",
      "2011,FEMALE,HISPANIC,HALEY,14,74\n",
      "2011,FEMALE,HISPANIC,HANNAH,17,71\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!head /tmp/baby_names.csv"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "id": "73da2151-6021-478e-aa8c-c681728dc4c6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'75': 'Shia',\n",
       " '67': 'Yaakov',\n",
       " '42': 'Jackson',\n",
       " '51': 'Yitzchok',\n",
       " '53': 'Christian',\n",
       " '62': 'Eliezer',\n",
       " '8': 'Daniel',\n",
       " '74': 'Oscar',\n",
       " '71': 'Ari',\n",
       " '78': 'Tyler',\n",
       " '73': 'Yechiel',\n",
       " '72': 'Edward',\n",
       " '77': 'Victor',\n",
       " '60': 'Peter',\n",
       " '1': 'Joseph',\n",
       " '70': 'Vincent',\n",
       " '61': 'Sean',\n",
       " '65': 'Zev',\n",
       " '58': 'Miles',\n",
       " '41': 'Yehuda',\n",
       " '76': 'Leonardo',\n",
       " '68': 'Yakov',\n",
       " '48': 'Asher',\n",
       " '55': 'Mark',\n",
       " '40': 'Owen',\n",
       " '66': 'Nathaniel',\n",
       " '64': 'Gavin',\n",
       " '34': 'Shimon',\n",
       " '44': 'Nathan',\n",
       " '57': 'Shmuel',\n",
       " '63': 'Solomon',\n",
       " '33': 'Eli',\n",
       " '31': 'Max',\n",
       " '20': 'Ryan',\n",
       " '69': 'Hunter',\n",
       " '35': 'Luke',\n",
       " '13': 'William',\n",
       " '52': 'George',\n",
       " '59': 'Shlomo',\n",
       " '39': 'Zachary',\n",
       " '9': 'Samuel',\n",
       " '27': 'Thomas',\n",
       " '10': 'Jack',\n",
       " '56': 'Levi',\n",
       " '12': 'Adam',\n",
       " '2': 'David',\n",
       " '25': 'Isaac',\n",
       " '18': 'Ethan',\n",
       " '14': 'Henry',\n",
       " '38': 'Andrew',\n",
       " '28': 'Yosef',\n",
       " '6': 'Benjamin',\n",
       " '3': 'Michael',\n",
       " '19': 'Liam',\n",
       " '45': 'Aiden',\n",
       " '47': 'Jonathan',\n",
       " '11': 'James',\n",
       " '79': 'Wyatt',\n",
       " '17': 'John',\n",
       " '43': 'Yisroel',\n",
       " '80': 'Sam',\n",
       " '37': 'Mordechai',\n",
       " '81': 'Shaya',\n",
       " '46': 'Christopher',\n",
       " '5': 'Jacob',\n",
       " '22': 'Matthew',\n",
       " '50': 'Robert',\n",
       " '21': 'Noah',\n",
       " '30': 'Oliver',\n",
       " '24': 'Theodore',\n",
       " '54': 'Aron',\n",
       " '15': 'Abraham',\n",
       " '36': 'Mason',\n",
       " '23': 'Chaim',\n",
       " '7': 'Alexander',\n",
       " '16': 'Nicholas',\n",
       " '49': 'Logan',\n",
       " '29': 'Anthony',\n",
       " '4': 'Moshe',\n",
       " '32': 'Gabriel',\n",
       " '26': 'Lucas',\n",
       " '92': 'Usher',\n",
       " '90': 'Naftali',\n",
       " '82': 'Ian',\n",
       " '91': 'Ronan',\n",
       " '88': 'Youssef',\n",
       " '89': 'Simcha',\n",
       " '94': 'Yousef',\n",
       " '83': 'Raphael',\n",
       " '93': 'Shmiel',\n",
       " '84': 'Philip',\n",
       " '87': 'Xavier',\n",
       " '85': 'Timothy',\n",
       " '86': 'Yehoshua',\n",
       " '96': 'Yusuf',\n",
       " '97': 'Yossi',\n",
       " '95': 'Naftuli',\n",
       " '99': 'Shea',\n",
       " '98': 'Yisrael',\n",
       " '100': 'Yoel',\n",
       " '101': 'Yahya',\n",
       " '102': 'Yidel'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import csv\n",
    "\n",
    "csvfile = open(\"/tmp/baby_names.csv\", \"r\")\n",
    "\n",
    "#\n",
    "# Crea un diccionario vacio para almacenar\n",
    "# los datos\n",
    "#\n",
    "baby_names = {}\n",
    "\n",
    "#\n",
    "# Descarta la primera fila\n",
    "#\n",
    "next(csvfile)\n",
    "\n",
    "#\n",
    "# Itera sobre las filas del archivo\n",
    "#\n",
    "for row in csv.reader(csvfile):\n",
    "    baby_names[row[5]] = row[3]\n",
    "\n",
    "#\n",
    "# imprime el ranking\n",
    "#\n",
    "# print(baby_names.keys())\n",
    "baby_names"
   ]
  }
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